论我国环境法庭的困境与出路

近年来，环境审判组织专门化的改革开展得如火如荼，然而，已成立的许多环境法庭却面临“等米下锅”的尴尬。究其原因，最主要的是因为当前的环境司法存在原告起诉资格受限、因果关系证明规则虚置和环境法庭的设立盲目而不成体系等严重障碍。为走出困境，有必要拓宽并明晰环境诉讼的原告资格范围：一是在法律上确认环境权，授予公民提起非纯正环境公益诉讼的原告资格；二是以环境权和诉讼信托、自然资源国家所有权和诉讼担当、法律监督权为依据，分别授予环保组织、自然资源监管机关和检察机关提起纯正环境公益诉讼的原告资格。此外，添加原告关于被告排污行为与其受损之间存在环境上关联性之因果关系表面证据的举证责任，细化举证责任倒置规则，健全和完善环境法庭的级别管辖和集中地域管辖的体系，也有助于推动环境法庭走出困境。

The Dilemma and Way out of the Environment Courts in China

In recent years,the specialized reform of the environmental judicial organization has developed rapidly.However,lots of founded environment courts are still faced with the problem of “Waiting the Rice for Cooking”.The most important reasons are such as limited plaintiff qualification,jurisdictional chaos and vain regulations on burden of proof inversion.To solve the problem,it is necessary to expand the plaintiff qualification:the first method is to confirm the environmental rights by the law,and give citizens plaintiff qualification to bring a impure public environmental interest lawsuit；the second one is to give the plaintiff qualification for environmental organizations,natural resource management and prosecutors to bring a pure public environmental interest lawsuit based on environment right and lawsuit entrust,state ownership of natural resource,legal supervision.In addition,adding the responsibility of plaintiff to prove apparent causality,refining of regulations on burden of proof inversion,perfecting environment court system of jurisdiction,are also helpful for environment court to get out of the dilemma.