副词“不”和“没(有)”同谓词组合所受的条件制约

副词“不”和“没 (有 )”同谓词的组合 ,首先要受到广义时态已然与未然的制约。已然状态下既可以用“没”否定 ,也可以有条件地用“不”否定 ;未然状态下只能用“没”否定。其次也受到主观与客观的制约 :“不”都能用于主观否定句 ,“没 (有 )”多用于客观否定句 ,或有条件地用于主观否定句。此外 ,活动与非活动、实现与非实现及与动词相关的“量”都会制约到“不”和“没 (有 )”同谓词的组合。

Restrictions of the combination between adverb"Bu"and"Mei"

The combination between adverbs“bu”and “mei”and their predicates are first of all restricted by finished and unfinished tenses in a wide sense. In finished conditions, not only “Mei”but also“bu”can be used to convey negative meanings with qualifications. In unfinished conditions, only the adverb “mei”is used to convey negative meanings. Second, subjectivity and objectivity also determine the combination between“bu”and“mei”and their predicates. “Bu”can be used in all subjective sentences with negative meanings. “Mei”is often used in objective sentences with negative meanings, or in subjective sentences conveying negative meanings with qualifications. Moreover, activities and non-activities, realization and irrealization and “quantity”on verbs all determine the combination between“bu”and“mei”and their predicates.