时间与空间的交织和变化——《水浒传》中的地理位置与黄河下游的河道变迁

就《水浒传》而言,至少存在3个时间概念:事件发生的北宋;作品产生的元末明初;读者所处的时代。空间与时间交织在一起,不能截然分开。如果不能充分了解空间随着时间而产生的变化,就可能引起混乱。黄河在宋元之间泛滥频繁,下游河道变化巨大,淤埋城镇村庄,改变平原水系道路。《水浒传》中不具体叙述地理位置,显示了作者的明智;而少数看似不合理的行走线路可能是真实存在的,如元末明初从江州至开封完全可以在梁山作水陆换行,这与当时黄河、运河的状况相符。因此,传统文化和人文学科的研究必须具备求真务实的科学精神。

Variability of Geography and Effect of Time--Geography in "Outlaws of the Marsh" and migration of the lower reaches of the Yellow River

There arc three concepts about time in the "Outlaws of the Marsh". The first is the North-Song Dynasty of the events; the second is the time between the later Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty of the book being written; and the third is the time of the book being read. The geography is variable with the time, which will result in misunderstanding The lower reaches of the Yellow River used to overflow and migrated once and again The towns and villages were covered by the sand and the river system and roads in the plain were changed. The author of "Outlaws of the Marsh" was clever to write the geography vaguely. However,a few irrational journey's line might be reality in the time of the author For example, Liangshan might be the transfer station of river way and land way in the journey from Jiangzhou to Kaifeng, which conformed the state of the Yellow River and the Great Canal in the time between the later Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, therefore the research in Chinese traditional culture and the social subject must have the realistic attitude and the scientific principle