明代人才选拔、培养模式与书院发展关系探析

明初统治者在健全科举考试制度的同时,将官学纳入科举体系之中,形成了科举-官学的人才选拔与培养的运作模式。在官学能够满足科举应试需要的时期,书院被排斥在科举-官学模式之外。然而,当官学的教学功能日渐式微,在官方的认可和扶植下,书院再次承担起了教授科举人才的重任,科举-官学模式转变为科举-书院模式,书院因此而兴起,其数量与规模都远逾前代。

Research on the Relationship between the Mode of Selecting and Cultivating Talents and the Development of Ancient Academies in Ming Dynasty

In the early Ming Dynasty, whilst the lord improved the Imperial Examination system, government education institutes were included in it. Therefore, the mode of selecting and cultivating talents came into being. While can meet the students' demand of taking part in the Imperial Examination, the Ancient Academies were excluded by the Imperial Examination system-government education institutes mode. However, with the instructive function of government education institutes gradually declining, ancient academies took on the important task of cultivating talents for Imperial Examination again. Hence, the Imperial Examination system-government education institutes mode changed into the Imperial Examination system-ancient academy mode. Consequently, ancient academies gradually grew up and their quantity and scale both exceed the prior dynasty.