牟宗三对“仁”的诠释及其康德影响

牟宗三以孔子“仁”的“觉”、“健”特性为逻辑起点，“践仁”以接契“天道”，并以孟子的“不忍人之心”，宋明儒的“仁心性体”释“仁”；不仅如此，他还把基督教的“上帝”和康德的“自由意志”比作“仁”，将“仁”视为生天生地的绝对形而上道德本体，并从中开出现代民主和科学的外王来。这为后人研究“仁”提供了有益的视角，也给了我们有益的启示。只有深入开掘儒家“仁”学传统，将“仁”与生活实践相结合，并作出西学的创造性诠释，才具有方法论的价值和意义，也才能切实有效地为构建现代新儒学服务。

Mou Zongsan's Explanation on Humanity and the Influence of Kant

Mou Zongsan＇s philosophy begins with the special quality of Confucius＇ benevolence, it refers to Enlightenment and Strengthening. By practicing humanity, we will attain the correspondence with the Heaven＇s Way. Mr. Mou explained humanity with Meneius＇ ＂merciful heart＂ andthe ＂heart and nature＂ of Neo-Confucianism. Besides, Mou compared Christian＇s God and Kant＇s free will to benevolence. Mr. Mou viewed humanity as the absolute ethical entity of Metaphysics, and he argued that the modern democracy and science also originated from it. His philosophy provides a good horizon of studying humanity for his successors. We can construct modern Neo- Confucianism effectively by cultivating the tradition of doctrine of Confucian benevolence in Confucianism, putting humanity into practice, and giving a creative explanation to it from the angle of western learning. Only by this way, humanity will bear its theoretical value and significance.