"嘉祐之治"问题探论

"嘉祐之治"之提法是在北宋后期废新法复旧政的背景下出现的。南宋及以后朝代士大夫对"嘉祐之治"亦屡作称颂。笔者认为后人对"嘉祐之治"之称述并非毫无根据。仁宗嘉祐时期尽管存在这样那样的问题,但相对而言,却在短时期内表现为社会安定、人才之盛、政治清明诸景象,是两宋政治的最好时期。此问题向不为宋史研究者所注意,缘于研究者对变法问题之态度。学者们多以为王安石变法前,北宋社会存在诸多问题,而忽视或不愿承认在短期内出现过良好政治局面之事实。

Some Remarks on the Issue of Peace of Jiayou

The saying of the Peace of Jiayou appeared in the later period of the North Song Dynasty when the new policies and the old policies were carried out alternately. The scholar-officials often praised the Peace of Jiayou since that time. The author thinks that the praises on Jiayou were not utterly groundless. The time of Jiayou was the best period in Song Dynasty when the society was stable, the people of talent came forth in large numbers and the politics was good. The reason that the scholars ignore the Peace of Jiayou can be related to their attitudes towards Wang Anshi Reforms. Many scholars think there were many problems before Wang Anshi Reforms and ignore, or don't want to admit, the fact that a good political situation had been existed in a short time.