“垮掉一代”禅之旅

"垮掉一代"借助东方哲学尤其是禅宗思索改革社会的良方。从习禅、写禅、化禅三方面进行研究,可以看到禅宗在"垮掉一代"中的全面渗透。"垮掉一代"身体力行地进行禅宗实践,如打坐、沉思、去寺院研习禅经、开设禅堂,甚至担任禅寺住持,不仅将禅理应用于日常生活,而且以禅入诗,在诗歌中大量使用禅典,将禅宗思想融入诗歌创作,提倡强调直觉的具有禅宗美学特质的自发式写作。虽然"垮掉一代"深受禅宗思想影响,但并非生搬硬套,而是深深打上了美国本土烙印,形成独具美国特色的"垮掉禅"。

Beat Generation's Journey to Zen

By means of oriental philosophy, especially Zen, Beat Generation seeks a way out to reform the society. This article approaches Zen＇s wide pervasion from such three aspects as daily practice of Zen, writing of Zen, and Americanization of Zen. The Beat writers put Zen practice into their daily life, Zen sitting, meditating, studying sutras in temples, establishing Zen hall, even acing as the president of Zen institution. Besides daily practice, they also widely spread Zen in their writings, which include extensive quotation of Zen allusions, propaganda of Zen philosophy, and advocate of ＂spontaneous writing＂ laying emphasis on intuition a creative principle corresponding with Zen aesthetics. In spite of its prevalent influence, yet Zen is not introduced in a mechanical way, but transformed into ＂Beat Zen＂ with strong American flavor.