城市劳动力供求与外来劳动力就业政策研究--上海的例证及启示

本文系统地研究了2005年到2010年间上海劳动力的供求趋势,测算了所需的外来劳动力数量。结果表明:户籍劳动力的再生产远不能满足经济增长对劳动力的需求,在经济增长速度为10-12%时,这期间上海每年依然需要存在300—600万的外来劳动力。城市在外来劳动力问题上面临两难选择,外来劳动力对城市的贡献与对城市就业岗位的挤占可能同时存在。目前上海劳动力市场中外来劳动力在职业进入、工资水平、社会保障待遇等方面与本地劳动力有明显的差异,其就业环境依然有待改善。我们的结论是:对外来劳动力的歧视性政策可能导致劳动力的大量流失,更有悖于社会公平;外来劳动力就业应主要靠市场调节,地方政府应为外来劳动力就业营造公平竞争的环境。

Urban Labor Market and Policies for Migrant Labors: The Case of Shanghai and Its Implications

We study the supply of and the demand for labors during 2005 to 2010 in Shanghai and predict the number of migrant labors required during the same period of time. Our results show that the reproduction of local residents cannot meet the demand for labors induced by economic growth. When the growth rate is 10-12%, Shanghai should have 3 to 6 million migrant labors available each year. A dilemma is faced by policy makers in urban area dealing with migrant population. Migrant labors will contribute to the urban development as well as reduce the local employment. There are discriminations as to occupation attainment, wage income and social welfare between local residents and migrant labors in Shanghai. Our point is that: the discriminated policy might cause labor shortages and also violate the social equity. So the employment of migrant labors should be adjusted by the market and the responsibility of local government is to create a fair environment for competition.