夏尔巴族源与迁徙历史再探

夏尔巴人在我国境内尚属于未识别民族。在以往的研究中,夏尔巴人的族群单一化,其迁徙路线也具有模糊性。吐蕃政权征服木雅,击退党项拓跋部,以"木雅"(弥药)命名党项故地,后又以"木雅"指代西夏王朝和康藏地区。结合相关藏族史料可知,在与綠厮政权、蒙古军队发生战争期间,处于不利地位的西夏党项部族渐次南下康藏地区,与吐蕃政权时期便居住于此的藏族董氏相融合,形成一个新族群"董弥药"。13世纪,该族群进行南迁,于16世纪中叶进入尼泊尔,随后又以索卢昆布为中心向东、西迁徙,形成夏尔巴人如今分散居住在我国境内及尼泊尔、印度等地的格局。

Rediscussing the Ethnic Origin and Migration History of Sherpa People

Sherpas belong to an unidentified ethnic group in China. In previous studies,the ethnic origin of Sherpa people and their migration routes was too ambiguous. Based on Tibetan,Chinese,English and oral materials,this paper uses historical textual research to discuss the ethnic origin of Sherpa people.Tubo Dynasty conquered Minyag clan,repelled the Tuoba people of Tangut and named the old land of Tangut with Minyag,later referred Tangut and Kham area as Minyag. According to the historical materials of Tibet,Tangut people gradually move southward to Kham area after being defeated by Song Dynasty and Mongolia during the 10-13th century. Some of these people began to move westward later and then crossed into Nepal in the mid-16th century and based on Solukumbu of Nepal,moved eastward and westward,gradually forming today’s Sherpa people who live in China,Nepal and India.