中国职业性别隔离的趋势：1982-2010

本文使用1982年、1990年、2000年和2010年四次中国人口普查数据，采用详尽、统一的职业分类系统，探索中国经济体制改革以来职业的性别隔离水平变化趋势及其原因。研究发现，全部职业的性别隔离程度自1982年至今持续上升。非农职业的性别隔离经历了一个先升后降的过程，从20世纪80年代开始提高，自1990年以来不断下降。本研究明确区分了职业结构的变化和性别构成的变化对职业性别隔离的影响，后者对理解性别不平等更有实质意义。

Trends in Occupational Gender Segregation in China:1982-2010

Occupational gender segregation is a well documented phenomenon. It is the primary cause of gender income disparity. In recent years, sociological studies in China have investigated gender segregation in the labor with a focus on the degree and trends of the change since the Reform. There is no consensus in the findings. This is because that many studies used faulty methodology that relied on confusing occupation classification resulting in incompatibility. Many studies also did not separate the two sources of change in occupational segregation, namely, changes due to shifts in sex composition within occupations and changes due to shifts in workforce size and structure of occupations. In this paper, we seek to address these two problems while looking into the question of occupational gender segregation since the Reform. Using the data from the Chinese census in the years of 1982, 1990, 2000, and 2010, we examine the long term trends of gender segregation in the labor force over the span of 28 years. Our study indicates an overall steady increase in occupational gender segregation in China while the nonagricultural sector has in fact witnessed a decline after an initial increase from 1982 to 1990. The overall increase is largely due to the changes in occupational structure in China while the decline in non agricultural sector can be explained with women’s increased presence in many formally male dominated professions since the 1990s.