政党与现代国家建设的内在逻辑——一项基于中国情境的历史考察和理论分析

在现代化过程中,现代国家建设在民族—国家、民主—国家两个维度展开,二者虽有逻辑上的承继关系,但并无明确的时空分界。基于集权的民族—国家建设与基于自由的民主—国家建设之间充满了制度建构的张力。如何处理好二者的关系,是一切政党面临的难题。民国初年,作为部分的政党肩负着民族—国家建设的重任,不仅导致政党政治的失败,而且使得政党成为国人共诛的对象。国民党试图通过军政、训政、宪政的路径选择完成现代国家建设,终因无法应对自由民主的挑战,而丧失了基于宪政的合法性资源。中国共产党通过人民民主专政的理论建构,消解了现代国家建设两个维度间的理论冲突,并找到了现代国家建设的革命路径。

The Internal Logic of Political Party and the Construction of Modern State:A Theoretical Analysis Based on the Context of China

In the process of modernization,the construction of modern state is based on the dimensions of nationality-nation and democracy-nation.Even though there is the logic relationship between them,there is no obvious space-time division.Tension is found in the construction from nationality to nation based on centralization and the construction from democracy to nation based on freedom.How to tackle the relationship is the challenge for every political party.In the early years of the Republic of China,the politic...