课艺评点:清代书院文学教育侧记——以钟山书院、经古精舍的课艺评点为例

课艺评点为清代一些书院的文学教育手段,清代钟山书院与经古精舍的课艺评点都很重视文学创作的承嗣与求新、重视因材施教以及重视对生徒习作的褒扬,前者偏重于内容分析,尤其是道德教化渗,透而后者偏重于艺术评价与考据评判,前者对内发性文学创作有所关注,而后者对地位卑微的词作积极肯定。这些评点对于提高生徒的文学创作水准、拓宽生徒的文学创作视阈以及增强生徒的文学创作自信心等方面大有裨益。不过,由于二者过于重视表彰成就而忽视揭示缺点,因而又在一定程度上限制了生徒更好的创作。

The Research on Literature Education of the Commentary of Exercise Writing of Shuyuan in the Qing Dynasty, and Taking Zhongshan Shuyuan and Jinggujingshe' Commentary as an Example

The commentary of exercise writing was an important method to literature education of Shuyuan in the Qing Dynasty. Zhongshan Shuyuan and Jinggujingshe's commentary of writing paid great attention to the succeed and the creation of literature study, giving different education method to different student and approving of the students' achievement. The former which paid more attention to content analysis specifically in moral education followed with interest literature creation from the bottom of one's heart, and the later which paid more attention to form and textual research evaluation approved of the achievement of classical poetry conforming to a definite pattern and having lines of unequal length. Those commentaries had much effect and function in raising students' creation level, expanding visual field and reinforcing confidence, but those restricted students' better creation to a certain extent because of approving of the students' achievement excessively and neglecting weak point.