单位化的村庄——一个乡村变迁研究的视角

建国以来，中国的一些乡村尤其是那些集体经济强大的村庄发生的变化之一就是对城市单位的模仿，出现了单位化的村庄。改革开放以来，单位化村庄有扩大或加强的趋势。本文以京郊农村“单位化”的过程及其特征为切人点，对城市化过程中出现的村庄单位化现象进行探讨，为研究乡村社会变迁提供了一个视角。村庄的单位化现象是在城市化背景下村落组织发展的一种自我选择，村庄资源独享性是单位化村庄形成的关键因素。这种以农业的方式发展工业，以农村组织形式从事城市管理，在一定历史时期不仅是合理的，也是有效的，但也有其自身的局限性。

Unit Villages A Study of Village Change

Since the founding of P. R. C., some villages of the country especially those with strong collective economy imitated the pattem of urban unit so that unit villages emerged. Since the implementations of reform and open- ing - up policy, unit villages have been extended. This paper, based on the evolution and features of unit villages in Beijing suburb, studies unit villages in the process of urbanization and put forward a new perspective on the evo- lution of rural communities. Actually, unit villages embody the self- selection of village organizations in the back- ground of urbanization. The nature of unshared village resources has made possible the establishment of unit villages. The practices, developing industry in agricultural ways and managing the urban affairs in the form of agricultural organizations, are reasonable and effective in ceaain historical period but they do have limitations.