多元利益诉求下气象法的制度回应与选择

在气象利益分化的过程中，产生了多元利益诉求，气象服务也正逐步从单一的公益气象服务向多样化的气象服务转变。公益气象服务、专业气象服务和商业气象服务之间是互补基础上的竞争关系，且公益气象服务在竞争中往往处于劣势，缺乏竞争力。正在逐步形成的气象服务市场要求气象法必须及时做出回应，通过合理的制度设计来协调各种气象利益诉求，为实现气象资源利用公平、提高气象服务绩效提供可靠的制度保障。在制度设计上，应着重从气象公益与私益的明确界定、专业气象服务与商业气象服务的合法化设计、气象公益倾斜保护机制的构筑和市场竞争机制的引入等方面加以完善。

Institutional Response and Option of the Meteorological Law Underlying the Multiple Interests Demand

Multiple interests demand emerged in the process of meteorological interests division. Meteoro- logical services are gradually shifting from a single form of public weather services to diversified forms of weath- er services. Public weather services, specialized weather services and commercial weather services are competitive based on complementarities, and public weather services are less competitive. The evolving market of meteorological services requires the timely response of Meteorological Law so as to coordinate a variety of meteorological interests demand and serve as a reasonable system for the equitable utilization of meteorological resources and development of meteorological services. As for the system design, it should be improved by putting empha sis on clear definition between public and private interests of meteorological services, legitimating design of specialized weather services and commercial weather services, and mechanism of priority of public weather services and the marketing system.