无人驾驶汽车及其法律规制

无人驾驶汽车是当前云计算、大数据、物联网、人工智能等信息技术快速发展的一个缩影。相较于传统汽车，无人驾驶汽车具有汽车行驶的自主性、驾驶人员的不特定性、技术应用的广泛性和道路设施的特殊性等特征。无人驾驶汽车的具体应用，在给人们日常出行带来便利的同时，也引发了诸多社会问题，特别是对当前的交通秩序、网络安全、隐私保护等领域带来了一定风险。为研究无人驾驶汽车法律规制问题，梳理了美国、欧洲、日本和韩国无人驾驶汽车技术的研发态势，总结了他们对无人驾驶汽车的法律规则和政策引导经验。研究认为，无人驾驶汽车作为未来汽车的发展方向，要立足国情、防范风险，积极探索无人驾驶汽车法律规制的有效路径:一方面，要鼓励和引导无人驾驶汽车技术的创新发展；另一方面，要出台相应的法律法规，赋予无人驾驶汽车的道路测试权限，进一步完善无人驾驶汽车的安全标准、无人驾驶系统的网络安全、无人驾驶汽车的侵权责任和保护无人驾驶汽车的消费者隐私等。

Laws and regulations making for self-driving cars

Self driving car is an epitome representing the rapid development of information technology such as cloud computing, big data, internet of things, and artificial intelligence. Compared with traditional cars, self driving car is featured with autonomous driving experience, no specific requirement for drivers, wide application of technology and special road facility. The application of self driving car, while bringing convenience to people’s daily travel, also has caused many social problems, especially brought certain risks to traffic order, network security, privacy protection and other fields. This paper sorts out the research and development status of autonomous driving technology in the United States, Europe, Japan and South Korea, and summarizes their experience in making laws and regulations for policy guidance. Research shows that self driving cars will lead the future development of auto industry, therefore we should develop self driving cars based on our national conditions, prevent risks, and actively explore an effective path to make rules and regulations for the field. On the one hand, it is necessary to encourage and guide the innovation of self driving technology; on the other hand, it is necessary to introduce related laws and regulations, give road test permission to self driving cars, as well as further improve the safety standards and network security of unmanned vehicle system, tort liability of self driving cars and protect consomer privacy.