从“诬告反坐”到“讹诈有罚”——对被救助者诬赖救助者立法惩罚的再思考

当下诸多被救助者诬告讹诈救助者事件的背后，无不折射出单纯中华传统道德诉求已经不能协调社会的健康发展。当道德的软性约束作用无法发挥时，通过法律制度的建设惩罚诬告讹诈者就成为必要。然现代“讹诈有罚”并非简单的惩恶扬善呼吁，也并非中国古代“诬告反坐”的直接过渡与顺承。立法惩罚诬告者还需从制度渊源、现行体制、证据认定、责任承担、惩罚措施等多方予以考虑。

From ＂Sentencing False Accuser＂ to ＂Punishing Extorter under False Pretences＂

The moment a lot of false accusations by the rescued reflect that pure Chinese traditional moral demands can no longer coordinate the healthy development of society. When the moral role of soft constraints can not work, it is necessary to build the legal system to punish those who extort money under false pretences. However, modern ＂punishing extorter under false pretences＂ is not simply to punish evil and promote good, or is to directly transmit and continue the ancient Chinese ＂sentencing false accuser＂. Legislation to punish false accuser needed analyzing from many aspects such as the system origin, the current system, the evidence found, responsibility, and penalties, etc.