预设的主体间性

巴赫金提出了一种基于主体间性的对话主义关系，认为对话具有普遍性，存在于主体内部和主体之间。预设作为社会交际语言中的一部分，也存在着对话关系。预设的本质是一种基于主体间性对话互动的认知交际。语义预设和语用预设分属于不同的交际主体。语义预设的领有主体为说话人；语用预设的领有主体为交际双方。语义预设基于说话人与自身认知域中形成的知识范畴(现实世界、想象世界和特设世界)进行的主体内部对话互动；语用预设基于言语交际中说话人和听话人的主体间性对话互动。

The Intersubjectivity of Presupposition

On the foundation of intersubjectivity, Mikhail Bakhtin proposes the dialogism theory. It exists within and between the subjects. As a part of communication language in society, presupposition also respectively holds the relation of dialogism. The nature of presupposition is a cognitive communication dialogism interaction based on intersubjectivity. We argue that semantic presupposition and pragmatic presupposition belong to different communication subjects. Semantic presupposition is in the domain of the speaker. Pragmatic presupposition is in the domain of the communication participants. Semantic presupposition is the result from the intersubjectivity interaction with knowledge categorization (the world of reality, the world of imagination and ad hoc world) within the human cognition fields. By comparison, pragmatic presupposition is the result from the intersubjective interaction between the speaker and the hearer in communication.