"娼女当堕为雀鸽"与"龙畏细虫"二说之佛教渊源考论——文言小说与佛典原型研究二例

《阅微草堂笔记》中提到冥间有此判罚:妓女来世当转生为雀鸽!此说来源于佛教。早期佛经寓言中讲鸽子是种淫欲旺盛的动物,且被欲望所困苦。另外,佛教以为人死之后会按“习气相投”的原则转生,故欲望重者就会转生为鸽子之类。《聊斋志异》有“龙畏细虫”之说,原来诸多佛经中经常提到龙有三种苦恼无法解脱,其中鳞甲有虫是其大烦恼之一。以“龙怕虫”作为情节要素的佛教故事不少,且都情节生动,这些传说在中国产生了一些本土化的变异与翻版。可见,佛经影响中国小说的过程往往是先要有佛经故事与本土故事为中间环节的。

Research on the Buddhist Origin of the Saying "Whores Should Be Degraded into Sparrows and Doves" and "Dragons Fearing Worms"——Two Examples of Research on Novels of Classical Style and Its Buddhist Prototype

"The Note of Yue Wei Cao Tang" mentions this punishment:whores should be transformed into sparrows and doves in their next life! This idea is originated from Buddhism.In the early parables of Buddhist sutra,doves are described as having much sexual lust and are trapped by desire.Besides,it is said by Buddhism that people after death would relive according to their habits and temperaments,thus one who has much desire would be transformed into doves and the like."Liao Zhai Zhi Yi" has the plot of dragon fearing the worms,which is also from Buddhist Scriptures.Dragon has three troubles that can't be got rid of in accordance to Buddhist Sutra.One is that dragon's scales have worms.Buddhist stories including "dragon fearing worms" are not rare indeed and most of them are vividly depicted.These legends are transformed into stories in China.Therefore,it's obvious that Buddhist sutra affects Chinese ancient novel by a series of story chains.