物种入侵:环境刑法的新界域

物种入侵正日益成为危害人类生命健康、生态环境安全的又一风险因素;运用经济学的＂外部性＂问题理论对生态环境法益进行价值面检验,可以得出对物种入侵行为的刑法规制是一种真实的必须而非杞人忧天式的幻境的结论;对物种入侵行为的刑法规制的犯罪构成模式设计是危险犯与实害犯并用,建立在统计科学概率论基础上的疫学因果关是破解生态犯罪刑法因果关系的合理选择,这是对生态环境法益保护的存在面解析;＂最小危害＂原则、＂人格者＂理论与＂比例性＂原则为刑法规制外来物种入侵行为存在的自由保障与安全维护之间矛盾的疑问提供了妥帖的解释论支撑。

Invasive Alien Species：a New Domain of Environmental Criminal Law

Invasive alien species has been becoming a risking factor that is very harmful to the ecological security besides lives and health of human being. Applying the external diseconomy theory to test the legal inter- ests of environment in terms of value, we can conclude that it is necessary to regulate the invasive alien species in criminal law. Analyzing the protecting ways of the legal interests of environment in criminal law from the ex- isting point of view, we should take the potential damage offense and the indeed damage offense together into account in criminal legislation. At the same time,it is right rout to introduce the epidemiology causality, based on probability theory and the statistical science to settle the mazy problem of the causality of criminal law about eco-crimes. In the question of regulating the invasive alien species in criminal law, we have to face a difficulty that how to balance guarding liberty and protect security. In this article, the author suggests that we can find a satisfied answer from the ＂minimal harm＂ principle, the theory of the ＂personality＂ and ＂proportionality＂ principle.