正德朝刘瑾干预盐政考论

明代正德朝大宦官刘瑾掌权时期，对国家经济和政府财政干预颇多。干预盐政则主要体现在四个层面:严惩不法权贵与不力盐官，以及添设巡盐御史、派遣专官监察地方盐政；刊引权收归北京，欲废除户口食盐钞，王府食盐折色改本色；整顿食盐运销与盐课征收；停送各边年例银，改场中纳银为边中纳粮。刘瑾败亡后这些举措被罢黜殆尽，反映了明中叶盐政弊端重重而亟须改变的时势。

A Study of Liu Jin's Intervention in Salt Administration of Zhengde Dynasty

As a famous eunuch in Ming dynasty, Liu Jin intervened in the national economy and government finances excessively when he took power in Zhengde dynasty. And he intervened salt administration mainly reflected in four aspects: Firstly, punishing the powerful people severely who violated the laws and the ineffective salt officials, adding the number of Salt Commissioners, dispatching specialized officers to monitor the local salt administration. Secondly, withdrawing the power of print salt coupons back to Beijing, abolishing the Hu-kou-shi-yan-chao(just ready to do this), changing silver into salt to supply royal families. Thirdly, rectifying the system of salt business and taxes. Fourthly, stop delivering the Nian-li-yin to the frontier of northern region, and changing silver into grain to supply these areas. After Liu Jin failed and died, his measures of salt administration were all canceled. However, it reflected the fact that there were many drawbacks in salt administration of Mid-Ming dynasty and must change.