公共科研技术转移法律制度适用范围研究——中国《科学技术进步法》第二十条和美国《拜-杜法案》之比较分析

科技法上使用的技术转移这一概念，是借用的管理学的观念，强调科技成果转化的含义。我国《科学技术进步法》第二十条是关于公共科研技术转移的特殊立法，但该规则所涉及的主体及客体并没有得到充分的界定，其中，“公共科研主体”应该包括个人、企业及非营利机构，相应技术成果应该依据相应规则在这些主体之间分享；而且，该规则所适用的对象——“公共科研技术成果”，应该可以以商业秘密的形态存在；另外，在确定某项技术成果是否产生于公共科研时，需要参考关于发明人或作者的基本认定标准。

On the Subject Matter of Legal Institution of the Technology Transfer in Public Research Programs

In the context of scientific and technological law, the concept of Technology Transfer is originated from the discipline of management, and emphasizes the meaning of transformation of scientific achievements into practical use. The Article 20 of the Law of the People＇s Republic of China on Progress of Science and Technology is a special rule for the technology transfer in public research programs, but the basic concepts in this rule is not well defined. At first, the subjects of the public research should include individuals, enterprises and non-profit institutions, within which the relevant scientific achievements should be shared. Secondly, the research achievements, namely scientific achievements from public research programs, should be able to be maintained as trade secret. Lastly, when we decide whether a scientific achievement is resulted from public research programs, we should rely on the basic rules about the identification of inventors and authors.