不信教的教匪：鲁西北地方社会与宋景诗的“反叛”（1861-1870）

十九世纪五、六十年代，受连年不断的旱涝之灾的影响，鲁西北农民的生活条件异常恶劣。又因为黄河的改道和运河漕运的废止，引起了鲁西北社会、经济和政治的一系列变迁，造成了很多社会问题。但是面对这种局面，官府回应无力，反而愈发腐败，加剧了当地人们的不满和恐慌。脆弱的生态环境和人口的大量闲置，再加上区域内的农民世代相沿的习俗，都有利于农民形成好勇斗狠、乐于为匪的心理，容易走上“反叛”的道路。宋景诗是一个江湖人士，与秘密教门联系密切。因为自己蒙受冤狱，他组织亲友参加了秘密教f-]发动的“叛乱”。

Unreligious Bandit： The Northwest Shandong Province and the ＂Rebellion＂ of Song Jingshi （1861--1870）

During the 1950s and 1960s, there were frequent drought or water loggings in the northwest Shandong Province, which seriously affected the local peasant＇s living conditions. Then the Yellow River diversions and the abolishment of Canal water transport had brought about a series of social, economic, political changes and problems. Facing this situation, the corrupt feudal official can＇ t act forceful measures that aggravated local peasant＇ s dissatisfaction and scare. On account of Fragile ecological environment, the large number of idle rural labor force and the traditional habitude, the peasant formed bellicose mind and were willing to be bandit. All of that lead them to the ＂rebellion＂ . Song Jingshi was a preeminent, he had a strong links with the Secret Religion. Because of being put in prison wrongly, he organize relatives and friends and participate in the ＂rebellion＂ that the Secret Religion launched.