副词“还”的“反预期”语用功能及“反预期”的义源追溯

副词“还”义项繁多，其中有些义项在特定语境中表达“反预期”的语用功能，也就是说，“还”所嵌入的句子传达“与预期相反”的话语信息，“反预期”体现的是说话人的立场、观点或态度，所以“反预期”的“还”具有主观性。根据“反预期”功能实现条件，我们发现以下6类义项和用法的“还”具有反预期语用功能：用于转折复句中、用于“比”字句、用在褒义形容词前表主观评价、用在“X还VP呢，别彤不用影何况Y”和“还VP／NP呢”两种句式中、作为一种语气词、“持续义”的“还”不负载句子重音时。“还”从动词虚化为副词，副词又主观化，在整个发展过程中，其“意象-图式”结构保持不变，也就是说，其源义仍然滞留于副词“还”．正是源义滞留使得副词“还”具有反预期的语用功能。

On the Counter-expectation Pragmatic Function of Adverb Hai and its Source

The adverb Hai has many meanings,some of which have the counter-expectation pragmatic function in a given context.In other words,Hai leads a phrase or clause that convey information contrary to expectation,usually in the speaker's position,view or attitude,making the counter-expectation subjective.In line with the realizing condition of counter-expectation function,the following six meanings and usages of Hai are found to have counter-expectation pragmatic function: in an adversative clause;in a comparative...