西汉郡国庙之兴废——礼制兴革与统治秩序维护的关系之一例

西汉郡国庙数量庞大、祭祀隆重,是重要的礼制,它的兴废过程可分为三个阶段。高帝、惠帝时期郡国庙的建立,是通过制度神圣化出身寒微的统治家族之计划的一环,是伸张刘氏统治权力的一种有效方式。文、景、武帝时期郡国庙制已明显不合时宜,成为诸侯王觊觎王权的正当性来源,对朝廷已由利转弊,不利于维护统治秩序。元帝时期,经学家透过经学义理建构堂皇正大的论述,取得了罢郡国庙的彻底成功。其成功的关键因素在于顺应了皇权对郡国庙有害统治秩序之维护的认知。由此,我们可以看到礼制兴革与统治秩序维护的关系,以及西汉经学与现实政权的具体关系。

Rise and Fall of the Temple of Prefecture and Kingdom in the Western Han Dynasty

As one important part in the propriety system, a large amount of the temples of prefecture and kingdom are established in the Western Han Dynasty and their sacrificial ceremony is grand and solemn. The rise and fall of it can be divided into three stages. The setting of it in the period of Emperor of Gao and Hui is one step in the program of sanctifying the ruling class who comes from the lower by the means of system and is one effective means to enforce the power of LIU’s ruling. While in the period of Emperor of Wen, Jing, and Wu, it becomes untimely clearly, since it turns out to be the legal source for the local kingdoms to covet the emperor’s power. So its significance to the court turns to be harmful from helpful to maintain the ruling order. In the period of Emperor Yuan, the experts from Confucianism construct the high-sounding argument on the basis of the theory of Confucianism, which leads to the complete success of recalling the kings of prefecture and kingdom. The key to the success is that it follows the cognition that the prefecture and kingdom system is harmful to maintain the ruling order of the royal power. Therefore, we can understand the relationship between the rise and reform of propriety and the maintenance of ruling order as well as the specific relationship between the Confucianism in the Western Han Dynasty and the realistic politics.