先秦秦汉时期的天、君、民关系述论

先秦秦汉时期,一些有远见的思想家和政治家对上天和所谓代表上天的君主的作用产生了质疑,而对民众在历史发展进程中的作用则越来越重视.他们或者认为既要尊天,又要保民;或者认为天事和人事互不干预;或者认为君主的地位是有民众决定的;或者认为天意就是民意,以此约束君主的行为.这些对天、君、民关系的认识,对后世产生了重大影响.

Review on Relations among Monarch, Heaven and Populace During Period of the Pre-Qin, Qin and Han Dynasties

During the period of Pre Qin,Qin and Han Dynasties,some thinkers and statesmen with wide vision of sight started to doubt the functions of heaven and monarch,they representative of heaven.At the same time the attached more and more importance to the functions of the populace in the course of history.Some of them argued that while respecting the heaven,the populace should be protected.Some argued that the heaven affairs and the human affairs should not intervene with each other.Some argued that the post of the monarch should be decided by the populace.Some argued that the heaven will is equal to that of the populace.They hope to restrain the behavior of the monarch by the above theories.The above opindion on the relations among the monarch,the heaven and the populace exerted great influence on the later generations.