论船舶留置权的法律适用

由于各国海商法关于船舶留置权之规定不一致,因此,在涉外船舶留置权法律关系中就需要作出法律选择。国际社会关于船舶留置权的法律适用主要有适用船旗国法、适用被留置船舶所在地法律、适用当事人约定的法律、适用法院地法几种立法实践。建议中国海商法关于船舶留置权的法律适用规定为,船舶留置权适用当事人所约定的法律,但当事人所约定的外国法关于船舶留置权的规定比内国法更宽泛则应排除适用。在当事人没有约定时,适用被留置船舶的所在地法。船舶留置权对第三人的影响适用被留置船舶的所在地法。船舶留置权的受偿顺位适用船旗国法。船舶留置权的实现适用法院地法。

On the applicable law of the possessory lien on vessel

There are many differences among countries about possessory lien on vessel,so we should make choice on foreign possessory lien on vessel relationship.There are several legislative modes about the applicable law of the possessory lien on vessel in international society,that is the law of the flag,the law of the vessel situated,lex voluntatis and the law of court.We suggest China maritime law should provide the applicable law of the possessory lien on vessel as: the possessory lien on vessel should apply lex voluntatis,but the chosen law can not provide bigger scope than domestic law on possessory lien on vessel.when the lex voluntatis does not exist,the possessory lien on vessel should apply the law of the vessel situated the possessory lien on vessel's effect on the third party should apply the law of the vessel situated.the time for satisfaction of possessory lien on vessel should apply the law of the flag,the enforcement of possessory lien on vessel should apply the law of the court.