中国古代证据法文化透视——以语词“供”“证”为中心

证据法律制度中,语词"供"与"证"当属核心词语。在我国传统证据法律制度中,"供"与"证"的内涵、外延、关系,规定着我国古代证据规则的空间格局,标志着我国传统证据法文化的特质。"供"与"证"一端连着传统,一端牵着现代。"供"作为言词证据,依然存在于现代刑事诉讼领域。指称人证、物证的"证"除内涵与外延变化外,依然是现代刑事民事诉讼的核心证据。作为证据用语的"供"与"证"是一种文化符号,不仅是制度意义上的符号,更是法文化意义上的符号,它表征着一种理念、一个过程、一种意识、一种态度,反映了我国司法证据制度,由重口供到轻口供、由零口供到重物证、由口供至上到券证主导的制度性转换。

On Traditional Evidence Law Culture in Ancient China——from the Perspective of confess and testimony

"Confess" and "testimony" are the core terms in evidence system.Connotation,extension andrelationship between"confess" and "testimony" set its space structures in ancient rules of evidence and mark itsdistinguishing characteristic in traditional evidence law culture of ancient China."Confess"and "testimony" linkup with tradition and modern times."Confess" and "testimony",as evidence terms,are cultural symbols.Theymake known a type of system and a kind of concept.They reflect the system transformation of our traditionalevidence law,from the emphasis of confess to the neglect of confess,the emphasis of material evidence,andthe certificate first policy.