明清山东城隍庙"异例"考

明清时期，城隍庙作为一种“国家化”神祗的物化标志，其理想状态是与各级官僚机构相对应。与此并存的是众多作为“异例”的城隍庙。认识此类城隍庙在空间上的分布状况及其形成原因，有助于深化城隍信仰研究。就明清时期的山东而论，镇城隍庙的出现与商品经济发展无必然联系；城隍庙处于城外与礼制无违；对应于同一官僚机构的数座城隍庙并存的情况是官方极力避免的。

Research on Special City - God Temple of Shandong Province in Ming and Qing Dynasty

As nationalized god's material symbol, city god temple's ideal state is to correspond with bureaucratic apparatusat different levels In Ming and Qing Dynasty. Moreover many special city god temples existed in the same time. So researching such city god temple's scatter in districts and it's forming reason could deepen the study of city god behef. As for Shandong province in Ming and Qing Ddynasty, the arising of city god temple in town didn't keep touch with commodity economy inevitably; city god temple outside the city didn't conflict with sacrifice system; Government tried hard to refrain from the situation that many city god temples corresponding with the same bureaucratic apparatus existing side by side.