物权变动模式的经济分析

物权变动的实质是权利的交易,物权公示对提高交易安全起着积极的作用,但往往又不利于便捷交易。公示是否应该成为物权变动的构成要件,关键取决于公示所带来的成本与收益的比较,即对交易安全与交易便捷的成本与收益的权衡,以及对公示外部性的考察。从立法的社会收益最大化出发,不动产、动产、用益物权和担保物权等几种主要物权各自的经济社会属性,决定了各自最佳的物权变动模式。

An Economic Analysis of Modes of Property Rights Alteration

The essence of property rights alteration(PRA) is transaction.Publication of property rights can enhance the security of transaction but may affect the convenience of transaction.Yet,whether such publication should be considered a component of PRA must be determined based on comparisons between cost and benefit of the publication,i.e.expenses incurred for the security of transaction and benefits resulting from the convenience of transaction,as well as considerations of the exteriority of such publication.It is argued that,according to the view that legislation is to maximize social benefit,the economic and social characteristics of various property rights,such as those of real estate,movable property,usufructuary,and security interest,should determine what mode of PRA is best for each.