文学、道德与知识分子的良知及使命

张宝明的文章对张光芒、陈晓明、刘士林的观点一一作了回应,指出文学与道德的关系不是要不要道德的问题,而是如何摆正道德的定位问题;无论是把道德作为文学的救命稻草还是杯弓蛇影的暗器,都是殊途同归的思维模式;道德的理性与非理性的双重因素决定了知识分子应走"形而下"的外化道路。张全之的文章则追溯了"五四"道德革命的深层缺失,指出其肯定现世人生,拒斥道德形而上诉求,从而使信仰世界出现"真空";影响所及,使新文学创作在世俗化倾向上越走越远。杨庆东进一步指出,中国启蒙运动过于注重道德实践的个体性与个人中心主义,而忽略了道德普遍主义,这直接导致整个启蒙运动关于现代性道德伟大谋划的失败;在当下道德实用主义盛行的文化语境中,对此加以反省,既是重寻人文精神资源的思想需求,也具有极大的现实意义。潘正文试图以更为辩证的态度来理解道德形而上主义与百年中国文学之争,认为它反映的是自"五四"以来一直未曾解决的两难选择问题,即文学的审美主义性质与启蒙理性的反审美主义之间的内在矛盾;并指出,道德形而上问题的解决,必须紧扣中国语境和中国文学的两难性质,这样才能有的放矢,而不应该以西方的后现代背景作为道德虚无主义的借口。

Contention Between Moral Metaphysics and Pragmatism in Chinese New Literature in Recent One Hundred Years

ZHANG Bao-ming points out that the important question is not whether literature needs morality or not but how to put the role of morality. Intellectuals should perform the direction of moral pragmatism. ZHANG Quan-zhi points out that the life in reality was affirmed in the ethical revolution promoted by the May 4th Movement; meanwhile the metaphysical pursuit for ethics was rejected and "All the gods were exiled". As a result, a Vacuum came into being in people's belief. Under its influence there appeared a tendency of secularization in the new-vernacular literature creation. According to YANG Qing-dong,the whole enlightenment pays attention to the individualism of moral practice and individual centralism but neglects moral universalism,which leads to the failure of the whole enlightenment on projecting moral modernity.In PAN Zheng-wen's opinion, this argument reflects the contradiction in Chinese new literature. To resolve the question about moral metaphysics, it is necessary to press close to the dilemma of Chinese new literature.