农地制度变迁与农村劳动力迁移

农村劳动力迁移是中国农业转型的重要组成部分。以不完整产权为特征的中国土地制度是否会阻碍劳动力的流动,是一个值得探讨的问题。文章基于期望效用函数构建了一个劳动力转移决策理论模型,并由此提出一个可验证的假说:土地租值的提升会增加移民的激励。运用1978—2011年的经验数据对该假说进行检验,结果表明,更完整的土地收益权和更稳定的土地产权通过增加土地的租值,对农村劳动力迁移有着正向的促进作用。这一结论在政策上意味着进一步明晰农村土地产权,稳定土地承包关系以及构建完全的土地市场,可以促进农村劳动力转移到更高生产效率的城市工业部门,帮助中国经济更全面的发展。

Changes in Rural Land System and Rural Labor Migration

The rural labor migration is an important part of Chinese agricultural transformation. It is a question worthy of discus- sing whether the Chinese land system with incomplete property rights as its characteristics may hinder the mobility of labor. In this pa- per, the expected utility function is established based on a labor migration decision theory model, and a testable hypothesis is put for- ward： rising land rent will increase the incentive of immigrants. Using empirical data from 1978 to 2011 to test this hypothesis, the re- sults show that, the more complete land usufruct and stable land property rights, through increasing the rent of land, has a positive effect on the rural labor migration. This conclusion in the government policy means to further define the property right of rural land, sta- blize land contracting relations and build a complete land market, which will promote the transfer to a higher production efficiency of the city industrial sectors of the rural labor force, and help develop China＇s economy more comprehensively.