企业异质、产业集聚与区域发展差异——新新经济地理学的理论解释与拓展

随着新贸易理论发展成为新新贸易理论,新经济地理学自然发展成为新新经济地理学。新经济地理学解释同质劳动者和企业的区位选择行为如何影响空间异质的形成与发展,而新新经济地理学则探讨微观异质劳动者、企业异质如何影响总体经济的形成与发展,重新解释了现实中产业集聚、要素流动与经济活动的地理分布的关系。地区间消费者偏好水平的不同决定了企业与劳动力的转移方向,发达地区意味着消费者偏好更加多样化,从而导致企业与劳动力向发达地区转移。落后地区与发达地区的发展与彼此对外市场开放度存在相互依赖。落后地区向外开放市场的意愿程度更弱,但是随着发达地区对落后地区开放市场,在一定程度上能自动导致落后地区对发达地区的市场开放度也逐渐增加,从而最终有利于区域经济一体化的发展。劳动者之间的就业竞争加剧,将相对降低发达地区的工资水平。由于落后地区总有一定的市场需求,有可能促使劳动者回流,从而棒—棒均衡在现实中存在的可能性很小。

Firm Heterogeneity,Industrial Agglomeration and Difference of Regional Development——The Theoretical Interpretation and Expansion of NNEG

As New Trade Theory(NTT) is steadily evolving into New New Trade Theory(NNTT),New Economic Geography(NEG) could naturally evolve into New New Economic Geography(NNEG).NEG focuses on macro-heterogeneity across locations showing how this can be endogenously generated by the microeconomic decisions of identical people and firms.However,NNEG emphasizes on how individual heterogeneity across people and firms maps into aggregate behaviour and re-explains thd relationships of indutrial agglomeration,factor flows and geography distribute of economic activities.The spatial transfer of firms and labor is determined by the difference of production technique level of firms between regions and the more diversification of consumers preference in developed regions leads to the results of labor and firms flowing into developed regions.The development of backward and developed regions and their own market openness are interdependent and the degree of the will of opening market in backward regions is weaker than that in developed regions.