南宋史家对先秦史书编撰的讨论

为研究南宋史家眼中的先秦史书编撰的得与失，采用文献分析法，对南宋史家黄震及其撰写《黄氏日抄》进行分析。《黄氏日抄》中除了探讨《史记》先秦部分编纂的内容较为集中之外，考订《春秋》的篇章更多，之中也涉及到历史编撰的认识，因此对《春秋》褒贬思想和“凡例说”的批判也具有一定的代表性。除此之外,还有对《汲冢周书》、《左传》《国语》及《大事记》等书编撰得失的评价。《黄氏日抄》褒扬《史记》先秦史部分的采撰与体例设置，将北宋史家苏辙所撰的《古史》与《史记》进行专门的比较研究，通过两书编撰的优劣得失来总结宋代先秦史编纂的经验和教训，评《古史》之长并对《春秋》“褒贬”和“凡例”说进行批判。这种从比较的视角探讨宋代历史编撰的思想与实践以及时人对这方面的认识和评价，有助于后人了解不同时期史家对古史的认识，以及宋人关于先秦历史编撰的史学思想。

Discussion on the compilation of Pre Qin history books by historians of the Southern Song dynasty

In order to study the gains and losses of historians of Southern Song dynasty in the compilation of the Pre Qin history books, the method of literature analysis was used to analyze the historian of Southern Song dynasty HUANG Zhen and his compilation HUANG’s Daily Notes. The contents of the HUANG’s Daily Notes are more concentrated on the discussion of exploring the compilation of pre Qin in Historical Records. And there are more chapters on the textural criticism of Spring and Autumn Annals, in which the comprehension of history compilation is also involved. Therefore, criticisms on the positive and negative thoughts of Spring and Autumn Annals and “Fan Li Shuo” have the certain representativeness. In addition, there are also comments about the gains and losses of compilation of books such as Ji Zhong Zhou Shu, Zuozhuan, Guo Yu and Memorabilia. HUANG’s Daily Notes praises the collection and style settings of Pre Qin history in Historical Records and conducts a special comparative study of the Ancient History written by the Northern Song dynasty historian SU Zhe and Historical Records, the experiences and lessons on the compilation of Pre Qin history of Southern Song dynasty are summarized through the pros and cons of the compilation of these two books, and it gives the comments on the strengths of the Ancient History and criticisms on the “positive and negative thoughts” of Spring and Autumn Annals and “Fan Li Shuo”. This kind of exploration of the thinking and practice of the historical compilation of Song dynasty as well as the historians’ timely understanding and evaluation of this area from the perspective of comparison is conducive to future generations to understand the comprehension of ancient history of historians in different periods and the history thoughts of the people in Song Dynasty about the compilation of Pre Qin history.