自动驾驶汽车的交通事故损害赔偿责任

随着人工智能技术的迅猛发展，自动驾驶汽车的商用化普及也指日可待。技术的发展往往是一把双刃剑,一方面，自动驾驶汽车给人类带来社会效益、经济效益和巨大的环境效益;另一方面，自动驾驶汽车不能完全杜绝交通事故的发生。为了解决自动驾驶汽车交通事故侵权责任承担带来的难题，为完善自动驾驶汽车的交通事故损害赔偿法律制度提供有益参考，在探究自动驾驶汽车的决策自主性特征和自主学习功能带来了对现行《侵权责任法》《产品质量法》等诸多法律制度的挑战的基础上，分析自动驾驶汽车发生交通事故时法律责任界定及分配问题。结果表明:自动驾驶汽车所导致的交通事故应根据不同事故原因，基于不同的法律关系对参与自动驾驶运行的各类主体采取严格责任予以归责，并合理分配各类主体之间的责任。参考德国的《道路交通法修正案》、美国的《自动驾驶法》、英国的《汽车技术和航空法案》有关自动驾驶的立法，提出了充分发挥各类保险制度的功能，提高交通强制责任保险的赔偿限额，辅以产品责任强制保险制度，以保护受害人的利益等可行性建议。

Liability for restitution compensation of traffic accident damage of automatic self-driving cars

With the rapid improvement of AI technology, the commercialization and popularization of self driving cars are able to count for the days. The development of technology is often a double edged sword. On the one hand, self driving cars bring social benefits, economic benefits and huge environmental benefits to mankind; on the other hand, self driving cars can not completely avoid traffic accidents. To solve the problems caused by ambiguous infringement liabilities in self driving car accidents, and provide a useful guidance for improving the legal system of compensation for self driving car traffic accidents, this paper analyses how to define and allocate the legal responsibilities for a self driving car traffic accident on the basis of exploring the challenges autonomous and self learning features of self driving cars pose for various current laws such as Tort Liability Law and Product Quality Law. Results show that subjects involved in the operation of self driving cars should take strict responsibility according to the cause of the accident and different legal relationships, and responsibilities should be rationally allocated among various subjects. Referring to Amendment to the German Road Traffic Law, the US Autopilot Law, the British Automobile Technology the Aviation Bill and other legislation related to autonomous driving, this paper gives some feasible suggestions such as giving full play to the functions of various insurance systems, increasing the upper limit of compensation for traffic compulsory liability insurance, adding product liability compulsory insurance system and so on in order to protect the interests of victims.