论城市偏向与农村贫困

发展中国家的城乡关系大多是城市偏向的。这种城市偏向政策导致城市和乡村之间存在不平等的贸易条件,使城乡之间在消费水平和收入水平上分化,结果这些发展中国家形成二元经济。中国自 20 世纪 50 年代起,为了加快工业化进程,政府实行了计划经济体制,采取了重工业优先发展的战略和一系列城市偏向的政策,其结果是中国二元经济结构的强化和城乡差距的扩大。在经济改革时期,中国传统的价格剪刀差趋于缩小,但新的城市偏向政策仍不断出现,城乡差距自1984年后重新扩大。在 21 世纪,中国要缩小城乡差距,战胜农村贫困,有必要转变反贫困的战略思维,废除城市偏向政策,赋予农民权利。

On Urban Bias and Rural Poverty

The rural-urban relations in many developing countries are urban biased. This kind of policies lead to inequitable trade terms between rural and urban sector and make rural-urban divide on consumption or income level. As a result, the dual economy came into being in those developing countries. In China, since 1950s, the government had adopted planning system, heavy-industries-first development strategies and a series of urban biased policies in order to accelerated industrialization, the result is the dual economy in China had been strengthened and the gap between rural and urban areas had been enlarged. During the period of economic reform, traditional price scissors in China tended to narrow, but new types of urban biased policies still arose, the rural-urban gap had been enlarged again since 1984. In the 21 (st) century, in order to narrow rural-urban gap and overcome rural poverty, it is necessary to change our strategic thinking, abolish urban biased policies and facilitate empowerment for the peasants.