德国行政裁量制度探析

行政裁量制度是德国行政法学重点研究的理论之一，也是德国司法实务中的一个重大问题。其发展经历了从一开始的单一概念，逐渐产生要件裁量和效果裁量的分类。并且随着德国行政法学界对行政权控制研究的深入，衍生出不确定法律概念的独立体系及相应的约束机制。二次世界大战后德国行政法学界以宪法为依托，不断限缩行政裁量的概念和外延，从理论和司法实务两个层面论证了对行政裁量进行司法审查的可能性和必要性，从而形成了德国现在的从宪法、行政机关自身到司法机关的多层次的行政裁量法律控制体系。

ANALYSIS OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE DISCRETION SYSTEM IN GERMANY

Administrative discretion is one of the most important conceptions in German administrative law, and is also an important issue of legal practice in Germany. It originated form a single conception and gradually such conceptions as conditional discretion and effective discretion developed. With further research into the control on administrative power by the administrative law circle in Germany, an independent system of uncertain legal conception as well as a supervising system developed from administrative discretion. After World War Ⅱ , the circle of German administrative law constrained the definition and the extension of administrative discretion and analyzed the possibility and necessity of the judicial review on the administrative discretion in the aspects of theory and practice. Because of the above mentioned efforts, a multi - dimension system of legal supervision formed with the constitutional control, the administrative control and the judicial review.