个人主体性的彰显与弘扬——王阳明心学的政治哲学解读

在普遍必然的层次上把握社会生活是思想家的自觉意识。在程朱理学的思想体系中,人们获得天理的过程只能靠外在的格物,而主体直接体悟天理是不可能的。但要将外在伦理内化为个体德性,却并不取决于理的绝对性,相反却要求行为主体必须通过自身的体悟和转化并外化为德行。陆九渊的心理并言,并不能从根本上解决理学的内在矛盾。明朝的王阳明通过"心外无理"说,对个人的主体性从本体和工夫两方面做了很好的彰显和弘扬。

The Development and Promotion of the Individual Subjectivity:Interpretation on Wang Yangming's Theory of Mind from the Perspective of Political Philosophy

It is the ideologist’s self-consciousness to contemplate the social life from the perspective of general necessity.Within the ideological system of Cheng-zhu’s Philosophy of TianLi,the process in which people reach the principle of TianLi depends on the investigation of things or Gewu.It is impossible that the subject should directly understand the principle.However,it is not the reliance on the absoluteness of the principle but the externalization of the moral integrity through the understanding of the behavioral subject that determines the internalization of the external ethics into the individual moral integrity.Lu Jiuyuan’s theory,which attached equal importance to both mind and principle,couldn’t essentially solve the inner paradox of the Theory of TianLi.It was Wang Yangming who was living in Ming Dynasty that highlighted and developed the individual subjectivity via two aspects of reality and gongfu through the Theory of Noting existing beyond the mind.