汉唐之间袁氏的政治沉浮与籍贯更迭——谱牒与中古史研究的一个例证

汉唐之间,汝南汝阳袁氏经历了两次重大的籍贯更迭:一次是由陈国扶乐变为汝南汝阳,另一次是由汝南汝阳变为陈郡阳夏。东汉一朝,汝南汝阳袁氏四代在政治上持续发展,并超越陈国扶乐袁氏,成为首屈一指的世家大族。汉末袁曹相争,袁绍、袁术兄弟落败,汝南汝阳袁氏迅速沉沦。与此同时,陈郡阳夏袁氏则与新皇权建立起特殊的关系。魏晋南朝频繁易代,他们的政治地位得以蝉联,并最终压倒汝南汝阳袁氏,成为袁氏的正宗所在。南朝后期与王、谢、萧三家并列侨姓之首的袁氏,正是陈郡阳夏的一支。此例说明:中古士族身份的变化,也会反映在谱牒之中,甚至造成他们籍贯的移动。

The Yuan family's political ups-and-downs and changes of native places between the Han and Tang dynasties

The native places of the Yuan family in Ruyang, Runan County, between the Han and Tang dynasties underwent two important changes: one was the move from Fule, Chen State, to Ruyang, Runan County; the other was from Ruyang to Yangxia, Chen County. During the Eastern Han dynasty, the Yuan family in Ruyang kept developing politically through four generations from Yuan An to Yuan Feng, thus surpassing the Yuans in Fule and becoming the top noble family. In the struggle between Yuan and Cao toward the end of the Han dynasty, the brothers Yuan Shao and Yuan Shu were defeated, causing the fall of the Yuans in Ruyang. In the meantime, the Yuans in Yangxia of Chen County built up special ties with the new royal powers, making Yangxia the Yuan Family's orthodox native place. The above case shows that the changes of status of "Shi" in the middle-ages might be reflected in the official or private pedigrees and could even bring about shifts of their native places.