《战国纵横家书》所载“苏秦事迹”不可信

司马迁依据《秦记》及诸侯史记,兼采“战国之权变”,记载苏秦、张仪事迹多有精确纪年;刘向校定《战国策》,亲见《苏子》、《张子》及诸子百家之书。《史记》、《国策》载苏秦合纵在前、张仪连横在后,无可怀疑。《战国纵横家书》所载“苏秦事迹”,则为后人假托,并不可信。苏氏三兄弟都主张合纵抗秦,其活动范围与对待燕、齐诸国的立场惊人相似。加上此类资料相关背景不清,多无主名,在流传过程中屡经窜改,为后人冒名假托提供了方便。司马迁、刘向都见到过类似材料,而且经过甄别毫不含糊地作出了否定的判断。帛书《战国纵横家书》的出土,又一次证实了司马迁“异时事有类之者皆附之苏秦”的论断。

On Incredibility of "Anecdotes of Su Qin" in Book of Warring-States Strategic Advisors

Sima Qian 's(145 B.C.-87 B.C.?) recording of Su Qin and Zhang Yi's life stories in his Shi Ji(Historical Records) is precisely chronological,based on Qin Ji(The Kingdom of Qin) and historical documents in regard to other kingdoms,concurrently taking into consideration the "warring states' expedients";and Liu Xiang's(77 B.C.?-6 B.C.) firsthand access to books written by Su and Zhang and by intellectuals of other contemporary schools also guarantees the faithfulness of relevant stories in his collation of Zhan Guo Ce(Warring-States Strategies).While Sima and Liu's assertion that Su's "he-zong" strategy(i.e.,the alliance of the 6 eastern kingdoms against Qin) precedes Zhang's "lian-heng"(i.e.,the alliance between Qin and one of the 6 weaker kingdoms against the other 5) is definitely beyond any doubt,the "Anecdotes of Su Qin" recorded in the Book of Warring-States Strategic Advisors are in fact fabricated by later authors and therefore incredible.The excavated Book of Warring-States Strategic Advisors has substantiated Sima's conclusion once again.