从城乡分立到城乡一体化———中国农村义务教育供给机制演进路径分析

我国义务教育城乡分立的供给机制导致义务教育城乡非均衡发展态势难以逆转。近30年来,农村义务教育供给机制虽然历经从"乡村自给"到"公共财政保障"的转变,但是城乡义务教育差距并未实质性的缩小,城乡义务教育学龄儿童依然受到不平等的教育待遇,城乡之间学生、教师、教育资源流动还存在大量的体制和制度性障碍。作为最基本的公共服务,义务教育城乡一体化发展机制的构建已刻不容缓。农村义务教育供给机制改革必须从城乡分立机制设计向城乡统筹的制度设计过渡,从经费供给单向度改革向全方位综合改革过渡,建立城乡学校之间联动发展机制,改变城乡义务教育空间组织形态,实现城乡义务教育均衡与协调发展。

From Urban-Rural Separation to Integration——The Evolution Path and of Rural Compulsory Education Provision Mechanism in China

Rural-urban separate provision mechanism failed to reverse the imbalanced development of rural and urban compulsory education.For nearly 30 years,though rural compulsory education provision mechanism has undergone transformation from ’country self-sufficiency’ to ’public financial guarantee’,there seems no substantial narrowing gap between urban and rural compulsory education.Students in urban and rural areas receive unequal education treatment,and there are lots of systemic and institutional obstacles impeding students,teachers and education resources flow.As the most basic public service,it is urgent to establish urban-rural integration development mechanism of compulsory education.The reform of rural compulsory education provision mechanism should switch from separate design to unified design,from finance only total factor design,establishing development linkage between urban and rural schools,changing the spatial organization of urban-rural compulsory education,and realizing the equilibrium and coordinated development between rural and urban compulsory education.