移植与误读:民初政治精英的政党理念

在救亡图存的背景下,一切制度的移植,都必须贴上“国利民福”的标签,否则就没有生存的空间。为此,民初政治精英在移植西方政党理念的过程中,更多地融入了时代的价值取向。作为自由政府“固有灾祸”,以获取权力为首要目的的政党,变成了“国利民福”的载体,其掌握政权与否,“殊所不计”;本无优劣可言的政党制度,变成了一国政党之兴,只宜“两大对峙”。政治精英对政党理论的错误解读,使理想与现实、应然与实然间产生了巨大反差,加速了政党合法性的丧失。

The Political Elites' Party Concept in the Early Days of the Republic of China

Under the background of saving the nation from extinction, any system transplanting must be attached a label as national interest and civil welfare; or else, it can't exist. Therefore, when politic elites in early Democratic Republic of China transplanted the theory of the west parties, they infused more values of the time. The party as inherent fatalities of the liberal government to obtain power changed into the carrier for national interest and civil welfare no matter whether it held the power or not. The system of party, regardless good or bad originally, became a favor among parties in the country, only dual party system was viable. Politic elites' misunderstanding on the theory of parties caused the tremendous contrast between ideality and reality, necessity and contingency; which accelerated the losing of the legitimacy of parties.