探析日语“か”类常用动词的语义网络

日语假名属于原始词根词,通过附加词尾的方法派生出新的词汇形成动词群。第一个假名相同的日语动词之间都存在某些语义上的相似性,相同假名越多,其家族相似性越高。把＂か＂类常用动词按照相交、覆盖、隔断、交换以及咀嚼等语义划分为五个小群,从家族相似性上进行了剖析,发现假名＂か＂就是＂か＂类常用动词中承载共同模糊语义的重要部分。尽管＂か＂类常用动词所表达的意义千差万别,但都与相交以及接触有关。确认相交以及接触就是本类动词的共同语义特征,并由此推断出所有的＂か＂类常用动词处在一个模糊的范畴中,由一个复杂的、相互交叉的相似性网络系缚在一起。

Semantic Networks of the Typical Verbs of "ka" Genus in Japanese

Hiragana belongs to the original root,of which the derivatives are generated by suffixation to construct a verb family.Verbs with the same beginning hiragana present a semantic similarity.The more hiragana is shared by the verbs,the higher similarity is between them.The thesis divides the typical verbs of ＂ka＂ genus into five sub-families according to their meanings,i.e.＂cross＂,＂cover＂,＂seperate＂,＂exchange＂ and ＂chew＂ and analyzes their similarities.It is found that for verbs of ＂ka＂ genus,＂ka＂ is an important carrier of the common sementic fuzziness.Although verbs of ＂ka＂ genus show different meanings,they are relevant to ＂cross＂ and ＂touch＂.The thesis holds that ＂cross＂ and ＂touch＂ are their common sementic features and therefore presumes that all the verbs of ＂ka＂ genus share a vague category and are bound together by a complex intersecting network of similarity.