人类中心主义与非人类中心主义辩难

一切有利于人类的生物都应该成为道德共同体的成员。但是,只有道德的特殊的起源、目的和标准,才可能是为了增进人类与动植物等非人类存在物的共同利益;而道德的终极的起源、目的和标准,则必定只能是为了增进人类的利益。这样,一方面,当人类与动植物等非人类存在物的利益一致时,便应该遵循道德的特殊的、直接的目的和标准,因而应该既增进人类利益又增进动植物的利益,甚至应该为了增进动植物的利益而增进动植物的利益:非人类中心主义是真理。另一方面,当动植物等非人类存在物的利益与人类的利益发生冲突不可两全时,道德的特殊的直接的目的和标准便不起作用了,这时,便应该诉诸道德终极目的和标准“增进人类的利益”,从而应该牺牲动植物等非人类存在物的利益而保全人类的利益:人类中心主义是真理。

A Discrimination between Anthropocerntrism and Anti-Anthropocerntrism

Any existence,so long as it has the benefit and is advantageous to the humanity,should become the moral community member and be treated morally.All living things that are advantageous to humanity is the moral community's boundary.But only the moral special and the direct origin,the goal as well as the standard is possibly to promote the zoology and botany that are the non-humanity existence benefit;Contrarily moral ultimate origin,goal and standard only can promote the humanity the benefit.