文化融合与民族大学生国家认同教育

文化融合是一种客观的历史现象,也是现今的一种社会存在状态;是民族关系的重要内容,也是文化得以发展的重要途径。国家的概念则是近现代才从西方国家传入的新鲜产物,是生活在其地域范围内的人们对其所在国家的认识、评价与情感,主要表现于国家政治共同体和结构层面以及共同的中华民族的精神层面的认同。国家认同于国家本身、于个人都具有非常重要的意义,其中少数民族的国家认同问题显得尤为迫切。而国家认同教育是国家认同构建中的重要内容和方式。学校教育是建立国家认同的有效途径。我国的各民族的文化融合是少数民族国家认同教育的前提与基础、有力保障、表现形式,也是少数民族大学生国家认同教育的高级目标,具有重要的意义与深远的影响。我国也从中国的实际情况出发,并吸收了中国历来坚持＂和而不同＂处理民族关系的宝贵经验与优秀传统,制定出了相应的民族政策,坚定地保障民族文化融合,加强少数民族的国家认同教育,促进国家的稳定与团结。

Cultural Integration and National Identity Education for Ethnic Minority College Students

Cultural integration is an objective historical phenomenon,and also exists in present society. No matter if seen from history or from the present world,cultural integration is the key to ethnic relations as well as an approach for cultural development. The concept of ＂nation＂is a fairly new product introduced from western countries in modern times. It is a people ＇ s cognition,appraisal and feelings towards the country where they live. It is mainly represented in the national political community,the structural level as well as the identity in the common spiritual level of the Chinese nation. School education is a very strong tool during the formation process of a ＂nation＂. Since the Qin and Han periods（ 2ndCentury B. C.）,China has formed a large- unified web of Chinese culture. After the creation of the New China,China also has paid attention to the development of education for the ethnic minorities,and has taken the task of training the new generation of ethnic minorities as an important national policy. ＂Fair Education＂is the ＂core idea ＂of China＇ s ethnic minorities＇ education. This includes preferential policy for ethnic minority- students＇ education chances,the investment of teaching resources in ethnic minority areas,and respect for and protection of the cultures of the ethnic minorities. Through these actions,the government ensures that the ethnic minority- students living in remote and poor areas get the chance for a fair education like the Han- Chinese students. The policy further enhances the equal development of,and exchanges among the various nationalities in the whole country; promotes the common development of the ethnic economies, the common prosperity of their cultures,political stability; and finally ensures the citizen＇ s strong identity of the nation. Culturale integration is the foundation of and precondition for the national identity education of the ethnic minorities. On the one hand,the Chinese nation＇ s common history,culture,religion, law,customs related to the national identity are products of constant integration,adaptation to and development of the various nationalities in China. On the other hand,only by strengthening the exchanges among the various nationalities,and learning from each other,can the various ethnic cultures integrate constantly,and provide the possibility for ethnic minorities＇ national identity education. Cultural integration is a powerful guarantee for ethnic people ＇ s national identity education. There are various ways to construct national identity,including political,economic and cultural,among which,education is the most durable method. Cultural integration is the expression of national identity education to ethnic minorities,and it requires and reflects a reasonable allocation of education resource. Cultural integration is a high- level goal of national identity education for minority students. China＇ s common psychology is guaranteed by a cultural ideology of ＂the unity from differences＂in China＇ s traditional culture,and from which the ideological foundation of ＂unity in diversity ＂has been built into the ethnic structure. The historical experience of China has proved that the stability and unity of a multi- national country lies neither in the homogenization of the numbers of variousethnic population,nor in a powerful culture ＇ s homogenization of other cultures,but in the cultural integration of various nationalities and their common cultural identity. Every individual of the Chinese nation should not only admit his / her identity as a member of one branch of the nation,but also admit his / her compound national identity as a member of Chinese nation. In conclusion,the cultural integration of China＇ s various nationalities is a precondition and foundation,a strong guarantee, and expression form for national identity education for the ethnic minorities in China. It is also a high- level goal for national identity education for minority students,and has a significant meaning and profound influence.