New Well-being Measures: Short Scales to Assess Flourishing and Positive and Negative Feelings |
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| Authors: | Ed Diener Derrick Wirtz William Tov Chu Kim-Prieto Dong-won Choi Shigehiro Oishi Robert Biswas-Diener |
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| Institution: | (1) Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, 603 E. Daniel Street, Champaign, IL 61820, USA;(2) The Gallup Organization, Omaha, NE, USA;(3) East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA;(4) Singapore Management University, Bras Basah, Singapore;(5) College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, USA;(6) California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA, USA;(7) University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA;(8) Center for Applied Positive Psychology, Milwaukie, OR, USA |
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| Abstract: | Measures of well-being were created to assess psychological flourishing and feelings—positive feelings, negative feelings,
and the difference between the two. The scales were evaluated in a sample of 689 college students from six locations. The
Flourishing Scale is a brief 8-item summary measure of the respondent’s self-perceived success in important areas such as
relationships, self-esteem, purpose, and optimism. The scale provides a single psychological well-being score. The measure
has good psychometric properties, and is strongly associated with other psychological well-being scales. The Scale of Positive
and Negative Experience produces a score for positive feelings (6 items), a score for negative feelings (6 items), and the
two can be combined to create a balance score. This 12-item brief scale has a number of desirable features compared to earlier
measures of positive and negative emotions. In particular, the scale assesses with a few items a broad range of negative and
positive experiences and feelings, not just those of a certain type, and is based on the amount of time the feelings were
experienced during the past 4 weeks. The scale converges well with measures of emotions and affective well-being. |
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