北极海域法律地位争端及其解决

关于北美大陆北部毗邻的北极海域法律地位，加拿大与美国等国家各执一辞。前者主要依据其对“直线基线”和“历史性所有权”的理解。后者认为，不应依据过去的气候、地理、水文等状况来判断，全球气候的变暖，冰层的变薄或者消失，将使北极海域冰层的法律地位发生质的改变。北美大陆北部毗邻的北极海域法律地位争端如何解决？“北极南极化”的观点不可行，化解现有北极条约之间的冲突是解决北极海域法律地位争端的前置问题。北极区域的环境保护应提升到国际合作的程度，敦促各国就北极海域环境保护达成协议；各国在北极海域的问题上加强合作十分必要；我国应积极参与北极事务。

The Dispute of the Legal Status of the Arctic Waters and Its Solution

As to the legal status of the Arctic waters contiguous to the North American continent, there is a discrepancy between Canada and America. The former sticks to the interpretation of the ＂straight baseline＂ and the ＂historic title＂, but the latter holds the view that judgment should not be made on the past climate, geography and hydrology. The global warming, the attenuation or vanishing of the ice-cap will change the status of the Arctic waters materially. How will we solve the dispute arising from the Arctic waters contiguous to the North America？ We think that the view ＂the Antarcticization of the Arctic＂ is unacceptable, eliminating the discrepancy among the treaties is the preliminary question when solving the dispute arising from the status of the Arctic waters. The environmental protection should be elevated to the degree of international cooperation. We should urge other states to reach an agreement on the environmental protection of the Arctic Waters. It is essential to strengthen the cooperation for us all. And we should take an active part in the Arctic affairs.