农业保险发展与中国农业全要素生产率增长研究

农业全要素生产率的增长，对于中国全要素生产率的提高、农民收入的增加和粮食安全的保证都具有重要意义。农业生产和农民收益面临着自然风险，农业保险相关政策的实施有助于分散和转移风险，从而影响农户全要素生产率的增长。基于2003—2017年农业农村部全国农村固定观察点数据库的数据，使用动态面板估计和工具变量方法，分析了农业保险覆盖率对农户全要素生产率的影响，并探究了其背后的影响机制。结果表明，中国农业保险覆盖率的提高促进了农户全要素生产率的增长；在中西部地区以及农户为非乡村干部、非少数民族、低收入群组时，农业保险对农户全要素生产率的促进作用更为显著。提高农业保险覆盖率还可以通过增加农户的农药投资、机械投入、耕地规模以及促进农户采用新技术的方式来实现，从而提高农户全要素生产率。

Agriculture and aggregate productivity: A quantitative cross-country analysis

The growth of agricultural total factor productivity is of great significance to the improvement of China's total factor productivity, the increase in farmers' income and the guarantee of food security. As agricultural production and farmers' income are faced with natural risks, the implementation of related policies of agricultural insurance helps to diversify and transfer these risks, thus affecting the growth of total factor productivity of farmers. Based on the data from the National Rural Fixed Observation Point Database of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs from 2003 to 2017, this paper analyzes the impact of agricultural insurance coverage on the total factor productivity of farmers by using dynamic panel estimation and instrumental variable method, and explores the underlying influencing mechanism. The results show that the increase in agricultural insurance coverage in China has promoted the growth of total factor productivity of farmers. In the central and western regions, and when farmers are non-rural cadres, non-ethnic minorities and in low-income groups, agricultural insurance plays a more significant role in promoting the total factor productivity of farmers. In addition, the rise in agricultural insurance coverage can improve the total factor productivity of farmers by increasing their investment in pesticide and machinery, expanding their farmland scale and encouraging farmers to adopt new technologies.