利益相关者视角下罗马尼亚劳动关系发展研究

罗马尼亚是国际利益相关者对劳动者权利产生负面影响的典型例子。体制转型后的罗马尼亚劳动关系的发展可大致分为三个阶段：第一阶段是20世纪90年代至2003年，在此阶段工会拥有较强的战斗力，且由于政府与国际组织之间不稳定的关系使得工会影响力相对较大；第二阶段是2003年至金融危机初期（2009年），2003年通过的《劳动法》（2003年）遭到国际组织和雇主协会的强烈反对，2005年政府与国际组织试图对《劳动法》（2003年）进行修订，工会却成功阻止改革；第三阶段是金融危机期间及之后（2009年之后），工会力量大大削减，特别是《劳动法》（2011年）和《社会对话法》（2011年）出台之后，工会和工人遭受了前所未有的损失。

Post-communist state measures to thwart organized labor: The case of Romania

Romania is a typical example that international stakeholders have a negative impact on workers’ rights. The development of labor relations in Romania after the system transformation can be roughly divided into three stages. The first stage is from 1990s to 2003, during which the trade unions was relatively powerful and influential due to the unstable relationship between the Romanian government and international organizations. The second stage is from 2003 to the beginning of financial crisis (2009), when the Labor Code adopted in 2003 was strongly opposed by both international organizations and employers’ associations. In 2005, the government and international organizations attempted to amend the Labor Code, but Romanian trade unions managed to stop the reform. The third stage is during and after the financial crisis in 2009, when the trade unions was greatly weakened. The trade unions and workers suffered unprecedent losses especially after the introduction of the new Labor Code in 2011 and Social Dialogue Law in 2011.