禅宗戒律思想初探──以“无相戒法”和“百丈清规”为中心

慧能南宗禅倡导的“无相戒法”及南宗传人之一怀海创制的“百丈清规”代表了禅宗独特的戒律观。“无相戒法”是禅门独创的弘戒法门，但有其印度佛教思想之源。无相戒法的倡导，使得南宗禅在会昌法难及唐末五代离乱后开出抖落陈规、自由自在地寻求人生安立与解脱的新路。其后“百丈清规”的创立，表明禅门抖落陈规时，又重新收拾自家戒规的立意，体现了禅门戒律一破一立、破立一体的格局。无相戒法助成了中土佛教戒律“重戒于内心，不重律于外在”的自在解脱的思想特征，“百丈清规”昭示了禅门独特的僧团伦理内容及行菩萨戒法、不舍世间、信仰与生活融合的特色，标志着佛教戒律的中国化走向。

A Preliminary Study in the Commandments of Zen Buddhism

The Wuxiang Commandments advocated by Huineng of Southern Zen Buddhism and the Baizhang Commandments initiated by Huaihai, one of the school's descendents, constitute a unique view of commandment of Zen Buddhism. The Wuxiang enabled Southern Zen Buddhism to create a new way to find human peace and in a new and free manner after the Huichang Calamity and the tumult of the late Tang and the subsequent Five Eras. The subsequent coming of the Baizhang Commandments indicates that when old rules of the Zen were sorted out the new ideas of commandment were created, thus forming a pattern of the going and coming of Zen commandments and the integration of the two. The Baizhang Commandments show the ethical content of Buddhist monks Me to Zen Buddhism, and enjoy the characteristics of exercising commandments of the Buddha, not forsaking the human world and integrating faith with the secular. It represents the trend of sinicization of Buddhism.