清代乾隆年间成都将军对川边地区的治理

乾隆年间,先后共有七位将领担任成都将军一职。七任成都将军在川边地区任职期间积极推行清政府的一系列边疆教化政策;继续实施朝贡贸易政策,协助派遣川边地区土司轮流觐见;及时传达清朝中央谕旨,宣扬中央相关政策;统筹规划川边地区的驻兵进行屯田,以促进地方社会生产力的发展。成都将军在治理川边地区时推行清政思想,采取刚柔并济、恩威并用的治边措施,增强了川边地区民众的认同感和归属感,从而维护了川边地区的社会秩序,创造了可持续的发展环境。在成都将军设置之初,两金川地区平定之始,成都将军针对川边地区的治理,多侧重于地方行政区域划分、川边地区的屯兵驻防、清政府政策的推行等方面;在川藏边区社会秩序相对稳定时期,治理侧重点则在于以前期的治理为基础,逐渐处理和完善两金川治理过程中出现的问题,从而加强了清政府对该地的统治。

The Governance of the Chengdu Generalship in the Sichuan Border Area during the Qianlong Reign of the Qing Dynasty

The“Generalship of Chengdu”was set up by the Qing government after the pacification of the rebellions of the big and small Jinchuan during the Qianlong period.The establishment of this post was not done on a whim.During the Qianlong period,there were seven generals successively serving as Chengdu General.According to the available historical data,the Chengdu Generals in this period displayed the following characteristics:1)They were all from the Eight Banners,which had won the prominent trust of the Qing central government;2)Most of them had participated in quelling the Jinchuan rebellions,and had returned with multiple victories;3)They were familiar with the actual local situation in the Sichuan border area;and,4)Before taking the post of the Chengdu General,they all had had experience handling military and political affairs in Sichuan on their own,and had also won many victories in combat.Under the governance of successive Chengdu Generals,the social order in the border area of Sichuan developed steadily,and the garrison became the main force of the Qing government in governing the southwestern border.These seven Chengdu Generals actively implemented a series of frontier naturalization policies for the Qing government during their periods of tenure in the Sichuan border area;they continued the tributary trade policy,and assisted in the dispatch of Tusi(native official)in the Sichuan border area for imperial audiences.They promptly conveyed the Qing Dynasty s imperial decrees and publicized the relevant policies from the central government;made overall plans for the agricultural production of the garrison troops in the Sichuan border area to promote the development of local social productivity.These seven Chengdu Generals pursued honest political thought,and adopted a strategy which combined rigidity and favors,kindness and coercion to govern the border.This strengthened the identification and sense of belonging among the people in the Sichuan border area,thereby maintaining social order in the Sichuan border area and creating a sustainable development environment.It was not long after the two campaigns to pacify the Jinchuan region that the establishment of the Chengdu Generalship began.So,the Chengdu Generalship focused on the divisions of the local administrative regions,the garrisons in the Sichuan border area and the implementation of the Qing government s policies.As the social order in the Sichuan-Tibet border area became relatively stable,the emphasis of governance shifted to,on the basis of previous governance,dealing with and solving the problems that emerged during the pacification of the two Jinchuan regions,so as to strengthen the Qing government s rule over the area.The main task of its governance was to maintain stability,and to govern the Sichuan border region in accordance with the local characteristics.